While i means j (hukou homogamy), both x

record F cijkl = Equation 2 + ? x ijkl + ? y ijkl + ? c ( ? x ijkl ) + ? c ( ? y ijkl )

_ijkl and y_ijkl equal 0. x_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypergamy (migrant spouse is more educated than local spouse), and y_ijkl indicates local-spouse-hypogamy (migrant spouse is less educated than local spouse). Thus, when i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), x_ijkl equals 1 if k > l and 0 otherwise, y_ijkl equals 1 if k < l>

Next, i measure ining how the probability of hukou intermarriage alter having for each and every spouse’s training (Gullickson and you can Torche, 2014), therefore we subsequent examine version in the market change between the two towns.

diary F cijkl = Picture dos + ? p = step one 2 ? p u miten norjalainen-naiset eroavat amerikkalaisista pij + ? q = step 1 2 ? q w qij + ? c ? p = 1 2 ? p u pij + ? c ? q = step 1 dos ? q w qij

When i equals j (hukou homogamy), both u_pij and w_qij equal 0. u_pij measures the education effects for migrant spouses to form hukou intermarriages, and w_qij measures the education effects for local spouses to form hukou intermarriages. When i equals 0 and j equals 1 (migrant husband and local wife), u_pij equals 1 if k >p and w_qij equals 1 if l > q; when i equals 1 and j equals 0 (local husband and migrant wife), u_pij equals 1 if l > p and w_qij equals 1 if k > q.

Thus, this model estimates separately how migrants’ and locals’ likelihoods of marrying across hukou boundaries change as their educations change. Specifically, ?_p and ?_q capture how the log-odds of hukou intermarriage change for migrants and locals, respectively, when moving up one level of education from either p or q (e.g., from less than high school to high school). Positive values of ? indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage increase as migrant spouses’ educations increase, and negative values indicate that the odds of hukou intermarriage decrease as migrant spouses’ educations increase. ? provides the same information for local spouses. We expect ? to be positive and S to be negative, and we expect n and ? to be less pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.

Descriptive Abilities

Descriptive leads to Dining table 1 tell you hukou area pairings off spouses by the town. During the Shanghai, throughout the 47% out of small-census was contracted ranging from two migrants; from inside the Shenzhen, one to percentage are more 70%. From the 38% of marriage ceremonies in it a couple of regional spouses from inside the Shanghai, whereas fifteen% out-of marriages got a couple of local partners inside Shenzhen. Certainly, some body tended to marry inside their hukou standing category in both urban centers. Both in urban centers, marriages anywhere between a neighborhood husband and you will an excellent migrant partner have been much probably be than just marriages anywhere between a migrant husband and a region partner to happen (13% vs. 3% into the Shanghai and you may 11% vs. 4% from inside the Shenzhen). This new part of hukou locality homogamy is comparable throughout the several metropolitan areas. Yet ,, we would like to understand the outcome with alerting, because show out of migrants varies throughout these a couple of places. The brand new cousin sized migrants and you can residents creates architectural relationship solutions for folks to find prospective spouses and eventually ). Log-linear data allows us to have a look at the amount of hukou homogamy, internet of your own compositional outcomes, of the controlling to own marginal withdrawals away from hukou status.

Table step one.

I basic expose the new distributions off studies attainment getting migrant husbands, regional husbands, migrant spouses, and you will regional spouses when you look at the per city, respectively, in Figure step one . Typically, migrants was quicker experienced than locals, no matter what gender, in both Shanghai and Shenzhen. Certainly one of migrants, guys are finest experienced than simply ladies in one another Shanghai and Shenzhen. However, certainly one of natives, brand new gender pit during the training try possibly small or even stopped: local dudes typically are just slightly most useful knowledgeable than just its female alternatives when you look at the Shenzhen, and regional women on average be more educated than simply their male alternatives in the Shanghai. Log-linear designs manage into training inequalities between folks and you will between locals and you can migrants to capture brand new associations anywhere between spouses’ studies and you will between informative and you will hukou area assortative mating, internet of marginal withdrawals away from spouses’ attributes.